Production Diversification Trends In The Manufacturing Sector And Its Impact On Iraqi Economy

Alrubaie, falah.K.Ali

Abstract
The main problem facing the Iraqi economy waylay in excessive dependence on one product is crude oil, which is dominated on major contribution in GDP, exports and public revenue and this product prone to structural changes, technological changes and fluctuations on oil prices in international markets, in addition to the fluctuations in Iraq's relations with the international community and with his neighborhood specially during the period (1980-2003) and concomitant wars and international harsh sanctions imposed lasted (1991-2003) following its invasion of Kuwait in 1991, the result of all these developments diversification efforts suffered a serious setback setting the Iraqi economy in a rattrap. This study focuses on study the period (1975 - 1990) in order to determine the size achievement in the diversification production field, because that period has special attention by concerned in the affairs of planning and economic policy in Iraq, as a historic opportunity to diversify the productive structure of the Iraqi economy and transformation the agricultural- extract structure to industrial - extract the industrial structure, the diversification efforts during that period based on increase the rates of investment in petrochemical industries, oil refining industry and other industries that depend on oil, natural gas, which Iraq enjoyed States a clear competitive advantage. However, the wars and deteriorate political conditions had prevented the achievement of these goals, and the Iraqi economy has remained suffered from negative effects on the continued overdependence on oil revenues, This study focuses on analysis the trends Production diversification in the Iraqi economy by measuring levels of production diversification in the manufacturing sector in branches, activities and patterns, small and large scale, import substitution and encourage exports activities , to diagnose the reality of production diversification. Finally the study recommend to re-study the comparative advantages of domestic resources and financial, human and technical , to re-evaluate the policies of industrialization by focuses on the industries that have ability to raise value-added manufacturing and diversify manufacturing production , in order to strengthen the role of export industries and the industries which contribute to reducing dependence on the oil sector ,and which achieve a higher value-added ,and offer more job opportunities, and more productivity, to raise growth rates in the long term, and diversification

the structure of Production in Iraqi economy

http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/8563.htm

http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8563/1/MPRA_paper_8563.pdf

Trends of transformation in ratios and structural relationships in the Iraqi Economy during the period (1975-1990

falah.K.Ali Alrubaie

Abstract

: Since the founding of modern Iraqi state , Experience economic indicates to the failure of governments, to varying degrees, in the application of economic policies and strategies capable of building a strong economy capable of correcting structural imbalances principal believes sustained increase in growth and employment and the ability to compete and financing infrastructure projects and public facilities and services. Those imbalances have aggravated in particular during the period (1980-1992) due to the circumstances of war and political developments, economic and military conditions, which oblige to policy makers to focus on exploitation oil revenues to finance the expenditure on wars and supporting the security and military activities and this policies neglected Investment expenditure and development process is almost complete. This study assumes that "sources of danger that threatens economic growth, contribute to the deepening of structural imbalances in Iraq resulting mainly from lack of effective economic policies applied during the period (1980-1990), as well as the attack on the Iraqi economy from external pressures economic, political and military During that period The study uses the structure analysis method to analyses the ratios and relationships between elements to diagnosis of the main characteristics of the economic structure in Iraq, and standing on the positive and negative aspects of this structure and determine the effects of those policies and the size of the imbalances in the proportions and relationships through major structural analysis of the relationship between the distribution of incomes and standard of Living and the relationship between consumption and savings and investment and the relationship between factors of production and the relationship between public and private sector and the transformation that has occurred on the relationship between the national economy and foreign economies to diagnose Trends of transformation in those ratios and structural relationships and their role in deepening structural imbalance situation or degree of distancing itself from the case of structural imbalance

Downloads: (external link)

http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.pl?u=http%3A%2F%2Fmpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de%2F8488%2F;h=repec:pra:mprapa:8488

Analysis The Structure of Production and Sectoral Relationships in Iraqi Economy During the Period (1970 -1990

falah.K.Ali Alrubaie

Abstract:

The topic of study relations sectoral oil states, specifically the relationship between the oil sector and non-oil sectors with particular emphasis on many economists and emerged from theoretical studies and applied, who adopted the hypothesis of Dutch disease, which believes that the rise in oil revenues will have negative effects on the development of sectors Non-oil, especially in the sectors of manufacturing and agriculture. Despite the economic structure characterized by the diversity of Iraq in comparison with the economies of oil-Pure rental nature, but that he shared with them in terms of governing the oil sector in path of changes in relations sectoral result of the continuing situation of imbalance in the structure of production which resulted in the expansion of the oil sector and Economic activities financed by oil revenues, and at the expense of relative neglect of the sectors of the non-oil commodity . To explication the most important developments in the relations sector in the Iraqi economy for the period (1970 -1990) study used a structural analysis, which concerned an analysis of the relative distribution rates and sectoral working relations within the framework of macro-economic system, in order to diagnose the main characteristics of the economic structure in Iraq and the evolving trends Relations in the sector in the Iraqi economy, and determine their impact on the process of structural transformation in Iraqi Economy . To achieve this objective analysis covered both GDP growth and its impact on the development and the sectoral linkages between these sectors , and its impact on the development of relations sector. Finally ,The study found that the Iraqi economy, have witnessed during the eighties of the twentieth century, the worst kinds of sectoral imbalances, which deepened the absence of proportionality between the sectors that are the sources of supply for the domestic output of non-oil commodity, and sectors that operate tributaries of domestic demand, has been reflected, more disruption Between the real production capacities generated in the national economy, reflected in the added value achieved in agriculture and manufacturing, and the large consumer of entry generated in the non-commodity activities, especially activities of public administration and defense. The analysis of the linkages overall productivity (direct and indirect) between different economic activities, the production structure in Iraq biased towards the final production links, and there is no tendency towards engaging in successive stages of production, the absence of the role of intermediary manufacturing productivity, weak effects generated by the incentive, which Explains the weakness of the multiplier effects generated by the exchange sectoral front and rear, and the high volume of leakage from the intermediate flows during the import process for the various intermediate goods production as a result of the weakness of the manufacturing sector's role in bolstering productivity and provide linkages intermediate inputs and productivity of other sectors of national economy and the absence of the role of the leader sector, who achieved high productivity and employment

Downloads: (external link)

http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8518
http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/8518.htm

An Analysis Study to the problems of financing small projects With reference to experience Libyan Development Bank in Darna city

falah.K.Ali Alrubaie

Abstract

: Despite the strategic importance of small projects in the development process in developing countries, including the Libyan economy, but they face many economic problems, administrative and organizational productivity, marketing and other problems related to lack of information, working to reduce their access to formal finance in general and banking in particular. Libyan Development Bank Branch Darna Try to financing small projects, but, faced many problems, most notably, routine and repetition of ideas projects proposed for funding and low lack creativity and marketing management skills of officials to manage projects and lack of coordination between the real and meaningful support institutions for small-scale projects and the lack of correlation Lending to small projects, training programmes, including working on improving their performance and reduce the risk of failure did not succeed, the finance small projects in creating a genuine development, the high incidence of default and lack of seriousness in fulfilling borrowers recruited him, and sought some borrowers to obtain funds through fraud and provide Invoices and forged documents to devise several ways to exploit legal loopholes, lack of safety instruments provided for the payment of installments by borrowers and these problems have led to the erosion of capital for lending led to a change in its funding , To ensure the continuation of the work necessary to support the Bank of Development Bank Branch Darna by granting loans for projects in small elements to raise the level of efficient performance, and forming committees to study the problem of bad loans and to diagnose those responsible for the continuation of this faltering and strengthening the role of the bank and granting greater powers of the branches to resolve such Problem, and recruitment of investment portfolios amounts deposited with commercial banks and investment companies for use in the areas of development and development projects, small and medium enterprises, reduce the cost of obtaining loans to loans, especially new graduates to help them to form projects that fit with the Academy of competences to reduce unemployment, the need to accelerate the establishment of an Credit Guarantee Fund OF Small And Very Small Enterprises To ensure the link between the banks and small projects, in view of the role of this institution in securing access for small enterprises to formal credit, to encourage the entry of small and medium enterprises in partnership with banks and governmental and non-governmental organizations and branches of large enterprises

Downloads: (external link)

http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/8494.htm

http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8494

Analysis of Human Development Indicators In Libya

falah.K.Ali Alrubaie

Abstract

Analysis of Human Development Indicators In Libya Alrubaie.Falah.K.Ali - Economics-faculty of Economics–derna-Omar Almukhtar university- Libya Summary This study aimed to diagnose the nature of the challenges facing human development in Libya in the future, in light of the trend towards privatization and economic reform and retreat of the role of the state and public sector, and the economic recession that dominated the Libyan economy since the mid-nineties yet, and how to maintain the gains made by, and address the shortage of quality aspects of the recipe given sustainability, after it became successful achievements in the areas of health and education are threatened with exposure to significant setback.The only way to meet those challenges is to intensify efforts to raise the level of the three dimensions of human development: the formation of human capacities, human use of this capacity, raising the level of human well-being and the granting of these indicators priority in the allocations of investment, and to keep raising the living standard of citizens while working to develop and improve constantly, and keenness to achieve justice in the distribution of incomes, and an evaluation and follow-up continuing to achieve human development consistent with the rates of international and national particularities and the advancement of the education sector in the context of economic restructuring to give priority to the aspects of quality and focus on the quality of education its various dimensions, and keep up with economic and social developments and changes and build modern health policy with the task of accurate diagnosis of the problems of the health sector, and the diagnosis of pros and cons current horizontal expansion in health services, policy and the reality of the pharmaceutical and medical supply and the proposed alternatives, and the reality of policy alternatives and spending in the health sector, and interest in the maintenance of the gains distributive and social justice in the provision of housing for all social groups, particularly those on low income, together with adherence to appropriate staffing resources, the need to develop a national strategy for the advancement of the status of women Jamahiriya, containing among other proposals, foremost of the establishment of social programmes to reduce the negative effects of economic restructuring programmes on the status of women, creation of a national fund for the advancement of women in order to improve their quality of life and ensure that aspects of the economic and social security through expansion of programmes investment loans and loan subsidies and housing programs marriage and custody and training programmes and rehabilitation

Downloads: (external link)

http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/8344.htm

http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8344/

The impact of structural changes in industrial manufacturing sector on productivity and employment trends in the Iraqi economy

falah.K.Ali Alrubaie

Abstract:

the three dimensions of value-added, employment, labour productivity, Represent the most important vector defining the nature of sectoral development in terms of the rate and content and mode, in this scope the industrial manufacturing sector progression to other productive activities for a sector of higher productivity, investment in this sector ensuring a structural shift and create many job opportunities that absorb surplus agricultural labour along with the natural increase in the labour force, to increase the flexibility of the sector about the changes in each of the relative contributions of labour and capital; productivity, which increases the rate of overlap between changes taking place in three dimensions mentioned whenever the growing role This sector in the national economy, and can be seen when comparing the prevailing event in both developed and developing economies. Based on these facts, this study has demonstrated that the industrial manufacturing sector in Iraq have failed at the level of branches and patterns and productive scales , in the provision of adequate opportunities for productive employment increases achieved in the labour force (natural and derived from the agricultural sector) and this was due to the relative inflexible Manufacturing activities are productive and technological content in high absorb workers, particularly chemical and oil industries, which dominate the major contributing added value achieved in this sector, as well as the relative decline in the rates of absorption of the activities with high employment flexibility (light manufacturing activities) in connection with the growing trend patterns towards intensive capital, enhance the imbalance in the labour market between the qualifications and conditions required before the one hand, and a non- proportionality structure professional work and got between the high productivity and low productivity activities on the other, non-interaction of the branches the patterns of industrial manufacturing sector and torn between two separated limb , first petroleum industry intensive capital and enhanced export, which is linked to international market conditions, and secondly, include assembly Industries and other consumer industries and import substitutes, which linkages with foreign inputs sources ,and the almost total absence of the active role of intermediate and capital industries, especially in industries and means of production, has weakened the ability of the manufacturing activities based on the creation of productive linkages or deepened within the productive potential of local, and that any positive change can happen in employment drop rapidly due to the loss or weakness of the existing workshops, and the surpluses generated by increased productivity, not supplying local production capacities Capacity better, but working to support consumer demand and speculation unproductive. Thus, the imbalance structural conditions in the industrial sector at the level of branches and patterns in this sector ,We Calls for non continuation in industrial expansion based on repetition and duplication, and attention instead to develop designs to distribution industries, according to activities and spot and regulations, and patterns, provided that this is a disclosure of the potential abilities to deepen the linkages for productivity and spots., in this regard, we suggest that industrial base is being built around a number of key core seen industrial compounds, based on Integrated technological links horizontally and vertically.

Downloads: (external link)z

http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/8392.htm

http://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/8369.html

The impact of Economic policies On the investment climate in Arab Countries

Alrubaie, falah.K.Ali

Abstract

FDI now plays a complementary and dynamic role to local investments in Developing Countries . besides the financial capital it brings , more importantly it introduces technology, that sets off a diffusion effect with far more impact. Its entry enhances productivity and , by setting new standards , catalysis increased competitiveness in the domestic economy .Linkages trough relationship of suppliers and distributors generate a multiplier effect . The impact is greater when the domestic economy itself is developing . Therefore along with policies for attracting FDI there must be an equally supportive environment for development of the domestic private sector .This paper look on the right approaches to attract FDI to Arab Countries trough analysis the Economic factors that affect on the investment climate , specially, financial , monetary and external balance policies adopted by Arab Countries in order to using these factors in account the Composite investment climate Index of economic policies and to built statistics model to study the relation ship between FDI AND Economic policies . finally presented some suggestions in

order to improving the investment climate in Arab Countries

Download Info

http://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/8369.html